Issues on Down Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues on Down Syndrome - Essay Example It is usual that open language skills to ageing adults with Down syndrome, are affected significantly compared to expressive skills (Carter Young & Kramer, 1991). Expressive language may remain intact over a long period, thus acting as a measure of overall ability. Studies have extensively examined adults with Down syndrome on their communication and language. Predictors such as school tutorials, how the person with the disorder grows up in the family, and enrichment therapies influence their academic performance (Bird &Thomas, 2002). Age, language and related skills in adults with downs syndrome Studies based on downs syndrome are increasing rapidly. Most of these studies seek to establish the connection among ageing, language and correlated skills in adults. According to Iacono, Torr, &Wong’s inferences, the measures of relationship between language and ageing fail to investigate linguistic domains but rather sensitivity to change. It is evident that expressive language tend s to decline with age among adults with downs syndrome compared to receptive language. Studies show that, receptive vocabulary is stronger with age than auditory sentence structure (Cooper & Collacott, 1995). In this case, the expressive language is weak, the speech delays or slows among ageing adults. According to Rasmussen & Sobsey 1994, longitudinal studies conducted on forty (40) years old adults with downs syndrome shows much loss in communication skills in particular receptive language. The study also indicated that dyspraxia sets in, a central nervous system condition affecting speech production. In addiction, this disorder affects the accuracy in gesture use. The ability to respond to auditory stimuli weakens with age meaning that the affected may not respond to when addressed verbally. There are difficulties in comprehending vocals, in this case the person with downs syndrome is poor in understanding spoken language and word discrimination. Scholars questions whether the la nguage decline was as a result of loss of memory, or part of adult-ageing process related to downs syndrome. Receptive language in downs syndrome individuals (40-49 years) shown to be low in comparison to the younger individuals (Dalton and Crapper-McLachlan, 1986). Predictors of intellectual attainments of young people with Down’s syndrome According to Turner, S., Alborz, A., & Gayle, V. 2008, most people think that academic achievement is anchored on the type and quality of education. Moreover, they lack knowledge on how parents can offer incredible support. In cases where children have a disability, people lack confidence on intellectual attainment of the child at home and school. However, school and guardians play a salient role in education. Stephen turner and his colleagues reported findings on a research they conducted. These findings identify school and parents as factors that influence academic achievements of young people with Down syndrome. The children in the long itudinal research were born between 1973 to 1980. The children under study varied in cognitive behavior, this was mainly to represent different abilities in downs syndrome. The researchers also choose families based on occupation and education backgrounds. Research indicated that young people with Down syndrome predict progress. Young people who attended mainstream school had impressive academic attainment in writing, reading and numbering even in their adulthood. Turner and Gayle points

ETHICS (Nietzsche, Daly, and Beauvoir) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ETHICS (Nietzsche, Daly, and Beauvoir) - Essay Example These traditions are nihilistic in the sense that they deny an actual life as the will to power. In additions, they create a moral of order of evil and good that applies to everyone in spite of individual differences. In this sense, evil is what contains harm to the masses. Nietzsche, therefore, explains that the salve morality pushes an individual to condemn one’s strengths and ignore one’s basic instincts. Master morality is the savior for the individual suffering under the yokes of slave morality. Nietzsche explains master morality as having the control over one’s own will to power (Nietzsche 116). This means ignoring the will of the absolutist world thereby living according to one’s personality and instincts. Master morality means egoism that devotes to self-elevation. The self becomes the center of life and it deserves glorification and constant nurturing. In this sense, the only good thing is that that enhances the feeling of power in a person. Master morality supersedes the traditional definition of the good and the evil. The death of god seeks to detach the person from the mystical world. It is crucial to highlight that Nietzsche supreme view of concrete life guides most of his philosophical thoughts, including the death of god. The philosopher points out to an invalid eternal world and highlights the demise of subjective values that have unfortunately become the mode of contemporary life. This is not necessarily an act of contempt towards the idea of Supreme Being, but it seeks to liberate the individual from delusions. An individual becomes free to articulate one’s life according to individually set morals. This is a path to fulfillment since a person commits to the life that one sees rather than be detained by a moral order that is inconsistent with the concrete needs of the individual. Transformation from all values refers to redefinition of morality to suit the individual disposition. It involves detaching oneself from

Drug Discovery and Development Processes

Drug Discovery and Development Processes INTRODUCTION The human body is a miracle but it is also extremely vulnerable. Many illnesses and disorders are still untreatable. Fortunately science is always evolving. It is unravelling more and more secrets about how our body works and which process is occurring in conditions of sickness or health. The challenge is to use our scientific knowledge to discover new, innovative drugs, a new hope for the patients all over the world. Drug Designing or Drug Discovery and Development is an inventive process of finding new medications based on understanding of the biological target. Vast majority of drugs are small molecules designed to bind, interact and modulate the activity of specific biological proteins. These proteins which may also be receptors bind to and interact with other molecules to perform the numerous functions required for the maintenance of life. In many illnesses, one or more proteins or receptors in the body are not working correctly. That is what the scientists try to detect. If they discover which proteins or receptors cause an illness then these same proteins become the target for the development of a new drug. Thus, the target is the naturally existing cellular or molecular structure involved in the pathology of interest that the drug-in-development is meant to act on. Drugs work by interacting with target molecules (receptors) in our bodies and altering their activities in a way that is benef icial to our health. In some cases, the effect of a drug is to stimulate the activity of its targets (an agonist) while in other cases the drug blocks the activity of its target (an antagonist). DRUG DISCOVERY PROGRAMME A drug discovery programme initiates because of a disease or a clinical condition for which a suitable medical product is not available. It is this unmet clinical need which is the underlying driving motivation for the project. Developing a drug from an original idea to the launch of the finished product is a very labor-intensive, time consuming and expensive procedure which can take over 14 years to complete. Target-based drug discovery starts with a thorough understanding of the disease mechanism and the role of enzymes, receptors or proteins within the disease pathology. The initial research would include experimental procedures to identify proteins responsible of the disease and generation a hypothesis that the inhibition or activation of those protein or pathway will result in a therapeutic effect in a disease state. The outcome is the selection of a target which may require further validation prior to progression into the lead discovery phase in order to justify a drug discovery effort. During lead discovery an intensive search ensues with the help of a technique called High Throughput Screening (HTS) to find a drug-like molecule or biological therapeutic, typically termed as a development candidate, that will progress into the preclinical, and if successful, into clinical development and ultimately be a marketed medicine. Drug discovery process from target identification and validation through to filing of a compound and the approximate timescale for these processes. FDA: Food and Drug Administration; IND: Investigational New Drug; NDA: New Drug Application. DRUG TARGETS One of the most important steps in developing a new drug is target identification and validation. A target is a broad term which can be applied to a range of biological entities such as proteins, genes and RNA. A drug target is a key molecule involved in a particular metabolic or signal transduction pathway that is specific to a disease condition or a specific disease. Knowing the cellular targets of drugs is crucial if the process of drug discovery is to be made more efficient. Identifying the full spectrum of targets associated with a bioactive small molecule can lead to faster optimization, understanding of off-target side effects and the ability to minimize possible toxicities early on in the process. It is vital to have as much evidence as possible to support a target of choice before investing more resources in the target. Good targets share several features: involvement in a crucial biological pathway; distinction from any previously known target; functionally and structurally characterized; and druggable. A ‘druggable’ target is accessible to the putative drug molecule and upon binding elicits a biological response which can be measured both in vitro and in vivo. It also needs to be efficacious, safe, meet clinical and commercial needs. When searching for novel drug targets, candidates can be assessed according to how many of these features they have, as well as participation in a biological process critical to the disease. Identification of the target is followed by its validation which a process of physiologically, pathologically and pharmacologically evaluating a biomolecule. It might be performed at the molecular, cellular or whole animal level. The potential drug target is then subject to high-throughput screening against a library of drug-like compounds or to rational drug designin g. However, the term ‘drug target’ itself has several limitations. The following points should be kept in mind: First, a drug is disease-dependent, that is, every target is involved in a spectrum of diseases. Second, most human diseases are rather complicated and involve a number of risk factors, so there clearly are many different targets with respect to a specific disease. Targeting a specific target could not conceivably cure a disease. Third, there are many drugs targets the same target and one drug may have more than one target. The relationship between a drug and its target is not one-to-one but many-to-one. According to whether there are drugs available, a drug target can be classified into two classes: established drug targets and potential drug targets. The former are those for which there a good scientific understanding, supported by a lengthy publication history regarding both how the target functions in normal physiology and how it is involved in human pathology. Furthermore, there are many drugs targeting this target. The latter are those biomolecules whose functions are not fully understood and which lack drugs targeting them. Potential targets suggest directions for complete new drug research. At present, the most frequent protein targets for which successful drugs have been developed include proteases, kinases, GPCRs and nuclear hormone receptors. GPCRs and enzymes represent the most important classes of proteins for drug discovery. According to the DrugBank database, there are 435 effect-mediating drug targets in human genome. These structures are targets of 989 unique drugs, through 2,242 drug-target interactions. The dataset shows that receptors make up the largest group of drug targets: 193 proteins (44%) of the human drug targets) are receptors, and 82 (19%) of these are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In overall dataset, ~36% of drug targets are GPCRs. Ligand-gated ion channels are second largest receptor target class followed by receptor tyrosine kinases at the third place. Enzymes are the second largest group of target proteins in the human genome, comprising 29% of all human drug targets. Hydrolases are the most common class of enzymatic drug targets, comprising 49% of all human enzyme drug targets followed by oxidoreductases and transferases comprising 27% and 19% respectively. In addition, the majority (78%) of the enzyme targets are soluble proteins and not membrane-associated proteins. E.g.; cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2, which belong to the oxidoreductase family are targeted by acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).

Shakespeare And Anti-Semitism In The Merchant Of Venice Essay -- Merch

Anti-Semitism and the desecration of the Jewish population have been in existence for nearly five thousand years. In the Elizabethan era, a question of anti-Semitism invariably arises. In William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, we find that one of the characters is the embodiment and expression of anti-Semitic attitude that is pervasive in Elizabethan society. "Anti-Semitism was an intricate part in Shakespeare's years. Jews were considered vile and scorned upon. Shakespeare presents Judaism as an 'unchangeable trait'" (Bloom 37). Shakespeare's age based their anti-Semitism on religious grounds because the Elizabethans inherited the fiction, fabricated by the early Church, that the Jews murdered Christ and were therefore in league with the devil and were actively working to subvert spread of Christianity. The religious grounds of this anti-Semitism means that if a Jew converted to Christianity, as Shylock is forced to do in The Merchant of Venice, then all will be forgiven as the repentant Jew is embraced by the arms of the all merciful Christian God of love. In fact, some Christian believed--as do some fundamentalist sects today--that the coming of the Kingdom of God was aided by converting the Jews to Christianity. Anti-Semitism in Shakespeare's time is portrayed in his masterpiece The Merchant of Venice. "Shylock the Jew, one of William Shakespeare's profoundly ambivalent villains, is strangely isolated" (Bloom 24). He is portrayed as a usurer: A leader of money on interest rather than a receiver of stolen goods. This concept will prove to the audience that the Jews are in fact "cheap" and have a frugal sense for possessions. It is an intriguing idea to think that even in Shakespeare's time, stereotyping was a mundane part of their lives. Shakespeare's anti-Semitism seems harsh, but shows that not all Jews are vile like most people believed in his time. Shylock is shown to be hard working (Goddard 5). Believe it or not, there is some compassion for the desecration of the Jews in Shakespeare's play. Antonio recognizes the futility of opposing Shylock's passion with reason. "He seems the depository of the vengeance of his race" (Goddard 11). Antonio consequently appears as a charitable Christian who lends money freely, in contrast to the miserly an... ...an something like Marlowe's Barabas. But at the same time, it seems clear (to me, at least) that Shakespeare creates Shylock against an historical and cultural backdrop that was intensely hostile to Jews. Given this social context and historical tradition, it should come as no surprise if some of this hostility against Jews should infiltrate Shakespeare's work. Shakespeare was, after all, a commercial dramatist and many commercial dramatists make their livings by pandering to, rather than working against, conventional social mores. To make the claim that Shakespeare creates Shylock within an anti-Semitic culture, and therefore invests Shylock with biased anti-Semitic attributes, does not impugn the artistry of the drama. Nor does such a claim implicate Shakespeare himself as a monstrous anti-Semite. All this claim suggests is that Shakespeare, like most of the rest of his society, was hostile toward Jewry for religious and cultural reasons, and that hostility is revealed most clearly in Shylock. What these pages have tried to trace is the possible, or perhaps the probable, relationship between what was happening in Shakespeare's day and what is happening in Shakespeare's play.

Reasons for Attending College or University Essay

Many people attend colleges and universities all over the world to study and conduct research. What are their expectations of the academic experience? In my opinion, people involved in collegiate programs have two main purposes: to gain the experiences and certificates that prepare them for future careers and to increase their knowledge about different aspects of life. Many people desire stable careers that deeply affect their lives. Therefore, good preparation for a future career is a necessity. To maintain and promote your position at a company, especially in certain kinds of jobs, you must have the knowledge and experiences that come from attending a college or university. The skills, spirit, and confidence you gain from studying help equip you for your work. Moreover, it is easier to find a good job when you have qualified certificates. Many well-educated people can carry out their tasks smoothly and methodically with more economization of time and strength than people who manage their work by learning from their failures. Another advantage of attending a college or university is the relationships you build with other people. These relationships help you improve yourself. In a collegiate environment, you learn how to work in groups and how to cooperate with your partners. You also learn to achieve mutual understanding, an essential and useful skill in your future work. The second reason for attending a college or university, increasing knowledge about many aspects of life, might seem a little impractical, but it is, in fact, very practical. Some people have the misconception that studying in college provides them only with knowledge relating directly to their major and that getting certificates is the most important purpose of attending college. With those goals in mind, they often neglect subjects that don’t seem to be applicable to their work. However, knowledge from college is not just useful for your job; it also is useful for many other things in life. For example, people with basic knowledge about literature, history, art, psychology, etc. might enjoy their lives more than unlearned people. They also might overcome difficulties and stress more easily, as well as have an acceptable and optimistic attitude toward obstacles and failures in their lives. Furthermore, cultivated people might treat others in their communities with more regard. Nothing you study in college is useless, and increasing knowledge is as important as getting certificates. The more knowledge you have, the more poetic your life is. Generally speaking, it’s always necessary to have a good education. In addition to obtaining the appropriate certificates, attending a college or university gives you a great opportunity to learn about many different things on both macroscopic and microscopic levels. While the specific reasons people attend colleges and universities might differ, the fundamental purposes are the same: they want to obtain the necessary training and education for their future careers and they want to learn about a variety of different subjects that will apply to their lives outside their future careers. Therefore, everyone who chooses to attend a college or university should always strive to reach their goals and aspirations. This section contains 509 words (approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page)| |.

Examining Race-Related Aspects of James Cameron’s Avatar

Examining The Race-Related Aspects Of Avatar While evident that many who saw the film Avatar were more than satisfied with it visually, I found it interesting that I heard little about the plot or characters. After all, as a writer, these elements, to me, are what make or break the outcome. After going to see the critically acclaimed film, I was left with a blatant feeling of injustice regarding the film’s race issues. The problem I had with the film is the concept of a white male entering into a world of ethnic people (in this case, aliens), with the sole intent of using them for his own personal gain.Not only has this all too familiar story been used again and again, but also, the outcome is always the same. While I do not believe that the film endorses racism, I do believe that certain racial ideologies play a major role in the film. Whilst some may argue against that point, by simply breaking down the story, it is simple to make the connections. Regardless of if it was int entional or not, there are some obvious racial undertones in Avatar, and they should not be ignored no matter how impressive the graphics are.In the specific clip I have chosen to analyze, Jake, the human who joins the Na’vi to fight against his own kind, has returned to Pandora after being labeled a traitor and losing the trust of the Na’vi. To gain it back, he immediately tames a Toruk, a red dragon who the natives are very fearful of. The dragon had never been tamed by anyone from the Na’vi clan. The ability and heroism just spewing from Jake makes it seem as though he is the only one with the answers that the Na’vi need to save Pandora. The scene transitions to the clan praying to the Hometree, despite their knowledge of the tree having never â€Å"taken sides†.In the midst of all of this, Jake comes flying down on the red dragon, the sun beaming behind him, illuminating his path. Then comes the very demeaning imagery of Jake dismounting the dr agon in front of the Na’vi, while they practically bow to and worship him as if to say, â€Å"You are superior to us, after all! † Jake certainly assumes as much, because he soon starts yelling about how this is â€Å"our† land, and they need to do what he says to save it. While watching the film, I first began drawing a lot of parallels to class discussions of how Columbus and the Spaniards conquered America. In Avatar, human corporation is mining a valuable mineral on Pandora, an Earth-like moon that is inhabited by the Na’vi, an â€Å"alien† race. In the late 1400’s, despite also having discovered an entire race of people, the Spanish found gold in America and began mining.Once it became difficult for them, they enforced slavery upon the natives of the land, and mercilessly killed them upon resistance. In the article Sex And Conquest: Domination And Desire On Ethnosexual Frontiers, Joane Nagel reminds us of the â€Å"relative powerlessne ss of many native women, and reports that sexual exchanges were often coerced, involving rape, forced prostitution, and slavery. In Avatar, the human scientists uncover that underneath Hometree, the Na’vi clan’s dwelling, lies the richest deposits of the mineral that they value, and by the end of the film, are ready to destroy it and its’ inhabitants. This, to me, is an example of racism in how the humans were willing to treat the Na’vi (kill them) in order to acquire more â€Å"gold†. While elements are different, Columbus’ conquest of America strays not so far from the plot that drives Avatar: a â€Å"civilized† race relentlessly compromises what they deem to be an â€Å"uncivilized† race.It can even relate to how American factories are built in foreign countries to avoid specific labor laws. As Americans, how can we justify that the people working in foreign countries assembling our iPhones are equal to us? If so, wouldnâ₠¬â„¢t we demand that they deserve equal pay? The ideology of the self-righteous, superior race and their ultimate disregard for all others is, sadly, an overused theme present in this film and our audiences should be seeing less of it.Despite all â€Å"humans† being expelled from Pandora in the end, a white male, in this case, Jake, Avatar’s protagonist, gets to be the boss in the end. In exchange, he gives up his body, his culture, and every â€Å"human† aspect about him. The one thing he fails to let go of is his superiority. With the film ending like this, and not allowing one of the original Na’vi to ultimately prevail, a subconscious message is being delivered. Just like in Dances With Wolves, a white male goes native and soon ends up as the great leader.In just three months of immersion in their culture, Jake learns enough about the Na'vi (their folkways, their animal-taming skills, and even the secret to their ultimate test of warrior prowess, some thing no other Na'vi has mastered in five generations) to become their leader in their struggle against genocide by his own former allies. Hometree even answers a prayer of Jake’s, and she had never answered prayers of the natives, her own people, even once before then. An interesting contrast is set up to disguise the fact that Jake’s character is representative of racism.On one side, there are the power-hungry, militaristic humans who show no moral restraint against the Na’vi. Their opposition is Jake and the rest of the humans who want peace with the natives. While the first group is presented as obviously racist, most would draw the conclusion that the second group, the protagonists, must not be. While the characters themselves are not racist, the age-old â€Å"white Messiah† fable is. This story has played out in American race politics several times. Progressive, liberal white males were responsible for Indian â€Å"removal† and â€Å"schooli ng† replacing Indian genocide, and segregation replacing slavery.Each time, it seems that supporters of progressive policies just have to say, â€Å"Look, I’m progressive. I’m not like those old-fashioned racists,† and then they simply cannot be deemed as racist. This is the trend in our society that the outcome of Avatar is glorifying. Forms of racial supremacy have been changed over time, but have never been ended altogether. To be fair to the â€Å"humans† of Avatar, the Na'vi and their entire planet ended up regarding the humans as a disease with which there can be no peaceful existence.Their solution is, simply, the expulsion of humanity from the planet, or in Jake's case, culture transfusion. Forced assimilation with the native culture in Avatar is almost too familiar to how their still exists an ideology in America that â€Å"foreign† residents must assimilate to the â€Å"white† culture. Forgotten is that every white citizen of America is descendant of some foreign culture. America should be a melting pot for all cultures, and if James Cameron, the director, producer and writer of Avatar, had truly agreed, perhaps the outcome of the film would be different.So did James Cameron write and direct this because he is a racist white male? No. But does James Cameron even acknowledge that his film carries racist undertones? No. The casting for the film had his seal of approval, so why were actors of color used to portray the Na’vi people? The Na'vi may be tall, blue aliens, but they seem to resemble the noble savages in older Hollywood movies: they're played by actors of color, they live a primitive lifestyle in harmony with nature, they sport tattoos and dreadlocks and exotic jewelry, and they have courage and athleticism but not necessarily rationality or ambition.Most importantly, why does white Australian Sam Worthington star as the cultural infiltrator? Cameron has more than once stated that Avatar is meant to encourage people to respect each other’s cultures and differences, and while that may be the overt meaning, he fails to touch on the issue of racial superiority. Again, Cameron did not sit down and consciously make a decision to write a racist film. However, he did indirectly use the film to express his white liberal understanding of anti-racism. Really, his views are just a kindler, gentler, more patronizing racism.If not, perhaps the Na’vi would have saved Jake instead of being incapable of saving themselves. Avatar doesn’t ask the moral question of â€Å"Should the natives be conquered? † It asks, â€Å"How should the natives be conquered? † Had the film been written and directed by a person of color instead, there may have been an opportunity to avoid this. Columbia College professor Kristin Pichaske’s excerpt, Historical And Political Framework: Race, Colonialism And African Cinema discusses how most filmmakers are Western whi te males who control the portrayal of Africans, or minorities, in cinema.In addition to holding the purse strings, Western interests controlled the production infrastructure. As recently as 1993, Diawara would write that Africa lacks film-processing laboratories, sound-dubbing and synchronizing studios, and editing facilities, a fact which significantly limits an African director’s ability to complete a film on his own terms, in his own country and within a reasonable span of time (1993: vii).While this is not universally true at this point (the facilities he describes now being available in South Africa and also rendered somewhat obsolete by the development of high-definition video), it is certainly true that most of Africa suffers from a dearth of film infrastructure and that this creates yet another form of dependence on the West. Having to rely on the West for the skills that they cannot afford, the absence of African directors involved in the depiction of their culture i s blatantly apparent.Perhaps James Cameron was not the right person to direct Avatar, as he cannot truly understand the racial ideology that his film is perpetuating. However, if an African director were given the opportunity, a white Western moneylender who demands that he cater the story to white audiences will undoubtedly be funding him. Present day racist ideologies are best understood when comparing them to Magic Eye images: bizarre images concealing a seemingly hidden, 3-D picture.While some people see the 3-D image right away, others have to look for a while before they can find it. Some people never do find it. However, once you know that the 3-D image is there, you end up wondering how you didn’t see it in the first place. The racism depicted in this film is a lot like a Magic Eye image. It is a fantasy story about race told from a white man’s perspective, for white people. I believe this to be true after simply looking at the history of Cameron’s films : Titanic, Aliens, and The Terminator all contained predominantly white casts.Had he intended his films to be seen by a racially diverse audience, I’m sure he would have had enough common sense to diversify his cast of characters. Avatar is also at the end of a very long history of similar films. Avatar’s storyline has been compared to that of Dances With Wolves and Pocahontas. In all three films, white male characters realize they are unhappy with the treatment of the â€Å"others,† but go beyond assimilating and skip to leading the people who they so recently oppressed.Since there have been so many films spanning all genres telling the same story, when will the white directors begin to use the issue of race in a different light? African-American scholar Donald Bogle, who literally wrote the book on how black people have been portrayed throughout Hollywood history (Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies ;amp; Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films) says that while not overtly racist, it is â€Å"a movie that hasn't yet freed itself of old Hollywood traditions, old formulas. If I were to have written a film like Avatar, I would have made the Na’vi completely capable of saving themselves by reversing the power roles of Jake with the clan. It would mean straying from an age-old format, but also, challenging the racial insecurities of the white audience that the film was intended for. Would the film be as popular if the natives of Pandora did not possess traditional, savage-like qualities? The juxtaposition of the film Avatar with historical events such as Columbus onquering America, and also, overused tales of the white protagonist bringing a race of â€Å"savages† to victory predates most steps towards civil rights equality. Filmmakers of minority races are far and few between, and are often funded by white Westerners when directing. With every film in Hollywood being produced by the â€Å"white man†, will our society ever see things from the point of view of a minority race? If no, then Hollywood’s inability to realize that the decision to continue producing the same point of view is interfering with our society’s ability to think outside of racial boundaries. | | | | | |